The sun of the solar system in theory and practice

Photovoltaics:
The word Photovoltaic is a combination of the Greek words for light and names physicist Allesandro Volta.
Defines the direct conversion of sunlight into energy through solar cells. The conversion process is based on fotoelekričnom effect discovered by physicists Alexandra Bequerela year 1839.
Photoelectric effect describes the release positivnih and negative charges when the light illuminate the surface.
How do solar cells
Solar cells are made of various semiconductor materials materijala.Poluvodići, which become electrically conductive when illuminated or heated but they act as insulators at low temperatures. The primary raw material for the production of the sand which is plentiful.
Over 95% of all solar cells produced in the world are made by SI (Si). As the second most common element on earth's surface silicon has the advantage that it is available in sufficient quantities and does not affect the environmental changes.
For the production of semiconductor solar cells are polluted so (doping) the deliberate release of chemical elements as the holder of a positive or negative naboja.Kombinirajući two semiconductor layers with different pollution resulting barrier, boundary between the two layers. On this border creates an internal electric field that causes the release of the carrier when cell osvjetljena.Kroz metal contacts can get an electric discharge, if the external circuit is coming to the flow of direct current.
Silicon cells are approximately 10x10cm in size, transparent anti-reflective film protects the cell and reduces losses due to reflection at the cell surface.
The output voltage of the solar cell is temperature-dependent, the higher the temperature the lower voltage less utilization. Utilization level defines the amount of light with converted into useful electrical energy.
Types of solar cells
Solar cells can be divided into three types according to the type of crystal that is used: monocrystalline, polycrystalline and amorphous. For the production of monocrystalline cells requires absolutely pure semiconductors. Monocrystalline rods are made of fused silica and then cut into thin plates.
This production ensures a relatively high degree of efficiency, which reflects in the price of products. Production of polycrystalline cells is cheaper manufacturing process, liquid silicon is poured into blocks which are then cut into slabs. Because of the casting in the cooling process, a change of the structure of crystals uzrekuje lower efficiency solar cells.
If a silicon film applied to the second matter tpa glass or other carriers get called amorphous or "thin film" cells. The thickness of the layer reaches a thickness of a human hair, thereby reducing the cost of production because of lower costs materijala.Iskoristivost amorphous cells is much lower than other solar cells. Therefore, the use of power equipment less power.
Solar modules are created by joining cells in series or parallel, certainly connected in series modules provide a much higher voltage. After that they fit into Viniyl Ethyl-acetate and embedded in aluminum or steel frames and covered with a transparent glass front strane.Jamstvo producers is reflected in Trajan guarantees for modules of 10-25 years.
Today's power modules ranging from 5W to 350W per module and razlikju the voltage 12/24/48 V modules by which must be adapted to other equipment.
The solar cells are no toxic substances do not produce smoke or make a noise, so very environmentally friendly. Electricity produced by the transducers is the same as in the household.
What happens when there is no sunca.Sustav is able to work autonomously with the stored energy in batteries (solar batteries). How long can we get to work daily spending budget and the amount of stored energy, which depends on the capacity and type of battery, maintenance and operational requirements and definitely on the cost of equipment.